How fear became a tool of manipulation, not just in Hong Kong

This intentional use of fear has wide-reaching consequences, such as subtle changes to societal perceptions. From headlines warning of conflict over Taiwan to data privacy advocates recommending the use of burner phones when visiting the US, fear has significantly influenced how we respond to uncertainty.

The 2019 protests in Hong Kong, for example, were triggered by opposition spreading fear about the proposed extradition law. Critics argued that the law would allow authorities to arrest anyone they wished, even extraditing them to mainland China. This fear sparked widespread distrust, with many believing the law would undermine Hong Kong’s autonomy and judicial independence. These concerns were heightened by constant media coverage and social media echo chambers, which mobilised millions and deepened the public’s mistrust of government motives.